* Processes not depicted in the refinery process flow chart.
|
Process Name |
Action |
Method |
Purpose |
Feedstock(s) |
Product(s) |
| Atmospheric distillation | Separation | Thermal | Separate fractions | Desalted crude oil | Gas, gas oil, distillate, residual |
| Vacuum distillation | Separation | Thermal | Separate w/o cracking | Atmospheric tower residual | Gas oil, lube stock, residual |
|
Process Name |
Action |
Method |
Purpose |
Feedstock(s) |
Product(s) |
| Catalytic cracking | Alteration | Catalytic | Upgrade gasoline | Gas oil, coke, distillate | Gasoline, petrochemical feedstock |
| Coking | Polymerize | Thermal | Convert vacuum residuals | Gas oil, coke distillate | Gasoline, petrochemical feedstock |
| Hydro-cracking | Hydrogenate | Catalytic | Convert to lighter HC’s | Gas oil, cracked oil, residual | Lighter, higher-quality products |
| *Hydrogen steam reforming | Decompose | Thermal/catalytic | Produce hydrogen | Desulfurized gas, O2, steam | Hydrogen, CO, CO2 |
| *Steam cracking | Decompose | Thermal | Crack large molecules | Atm tower heavy fuel/ distillate | Cracked naphtha, coke, residual |
| Visbreaking | Decompose | Thermal | Reduce viscosity | Atmospheric tower residual | Distillate, tar |
|
Process Name |
Action |
Method |
Purpose |
Feedstock(s) |
Product(s) |
| Alkylation | Combining | Catalytic | Unite olefins & isoparaffins | Tower isobutane/cracker olefin | Iso-octane (alkylate) |
| Grease compounding | Combining | Thermal | Combine soaps & oils | Lube oil, fatty acid, alkyl metal | Lubricating grease |
| Polymerizing | Polymerize | Catalytic | Unite 2 or more olefins | Cracked olefins | High-octane naphtha, petrochemical stocks |
|
Process Name |
Action |
Method |
Purpose |
Feedstock(s) |
Product(s) |
| Catalytic reforming | Alteration/ dehydration | Catalytic | Upgrade low-octane naphtha | Coker/hydro-cracker naphtha | High octane, Reformate/aromatic |
| Isomerization | Rearrange | Catalytic | Convert straight chain to branch | Butane, pentane, hexane | Isobutane/ pentane/ hexane |
|
Process Name |
Action |
Method |
Purpose |
Feedstock(s) |
Product(s) |
| *Amine treating | Treatment | Absorption | Remove acidic contaminants | Sour gas, hydrocarbons w/CO2and H2S | Acid free gases & liquid hydrocarbons |
| Desalting | Dehydration | Absorption | Remove contaminants | Crude oil | Desalted crude oil |
| Drying & sweetening | Treatment | Absorption / thermal | Remove H2O & sulfur compounds | liquid hydrocarbons, LPG, alkylation feedstock | Sweet and dry hydrocarbons |
| *Furfural extraction | Solvent extraction | Absorption | Upgrade mid distillate & lubes | Cycle oils & lube feed-stocks | High quality diesel & lube oil |
| Hydrodesulfurization | Treatment | Catalytic | Remove sulfur, contaminants | High-sulfur residual/ gas oil | Desulfurized olefins |
| Hydrotreating | Hydrogenation | Catalytic | Remove impurities, saturate HC’s | Residuals, cracked HC’s | Cracker feed, distillate, lube |
| *Phenol extraction | Solvent extraction | Absorption / thermal | Improve viscosity index, color | Lube oil base stocks | High quality lube oils |
| Solvent deasphalting | Treatment | Absorption | Remove asphalt | Vacuum Tower residual, propane | Heavy lube oil, asphalt |
| Solvent dewaxing | Treatment | Cool/ filter | Remove wax from lube stocks | Vacuum tower lube oils | Dewaxed lube basestock |
| Solvent extraction | Solvent extraction | Absorption /precipitation | Separate unsaturated oils | Gas oil, reformate, distillate | High-octane gasoline |
| Sweetening | Treatment | Catalytic | Remove H2S, convert mercaptan | Untreated distillate/gasoline | High-quality distillate/gasoline |